Membrane trafficking is the process by which cells transport proteins, lipids, and other molecules within and outside of their membranes. This involves various cellular structures, such as vesicles, which are small, membrane-bound sacs that carry materials to different locations. Membrane trafficking is essential for maintaining cellular functions, including nutrient uptake, waste removal, and communication between cells. The process includes several key steps: endocytosis, where cells take in substances by engulfing them; exocytosis, where materials are expelled from the cell; and the movement of organelles like lysosomes and Golgi apparatus. Proper membrane trafficking is crucial for cell health and overall organism function.