Melphalan is a chemotherapy medication primarily used to treat certain types of cancer, including multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. It works by interfering with the growth of cancer cells, ultimately leading to their destruction. Melphalan is often administered intravenously or orally, depending on the treatment plan. Patients receiving melphalan may experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and a decrease in blood cell counts, which can increase the risk of infections. Regular monitoring by healthcare professionals is essential to manage these side effects and adjust treatment as necessary.