Medieval history refers to the period in European history from the fall of the Roman Empire around 500 AD to the beginning of the Renaissance in the 15th century. This era is characterized by the rise of feudalism, where land was held by nobles in exchange for military service, and the influence of the Christian Church on daily life and politics. During the medieval period, significant events included the Crusades, a series of religious wars, and the establishment of universities. The era also saw the development of gothic architecture, exemplified by cathedrals, and the emergence of notable figures like Charlemagne, who united much of Western Europe.