Mechanical properties refer to the characteristics of materials that describe their behavior under various forces and loads. These properties include strength, elasticity, ductility, and hardness, which help determine how a material will react when subjected to stress, strain, or deformation. Understanding these properties is essential for selecting the right materials for construction, manufacturing, and engineering applications. Different materials exhibit varying mechanical properties. For example, metals like steel are known for their high strength and ductility, making them suitable for structural applications. In contrast, materials like rubber are highly elastic, allowing them to stretch and return to their original shape. Knowing these properties helps engineers design safe and effective products.