The maxillary artery is a major blood vessel that supplies the deep structures of the face. It branches off from the external carotid artery and travels through the infratemporal fossa, providing oxygenated blood to areas such as the jaw, teeth, and nasal cavity. This artery has several important branches, including the inferior alveolar artery, which supplies the lower teeth, and the middle meningeal artery, which supplies the meninges of the brain. Understanding the maxillary artery is crucial for dental procedures and surgeries involving the face and jaw.