Mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, and patterns. It involves various branches such as arithmetic, geometry, and algebra, each focusing on different aspects of quantitative relationships. Mathematicians use symbols and formulas to represent and solve problems, allowing for precise communication of ideas. In mathematics, concepts are often expressed through equations and functions. For example, the equation y = mx + b represents a straight line, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. This framework helps in analyzing relationships and making predictions based on data.