Mathematical statistics is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. It provides the theoretical foundation for various statistical methods, helping researchers make informed decisions based on data. This field combines probability theory with statistical inference, allowing for the estimation of population parameters and hypothesis testing. In mathematical statistics, concepts such as random variables, distributions, and confidence intervals are essential. These tools help quantify uncertainty and variability in data, enabling statisticians to draw conclusions and make predictions. Overall, mathematical statistics plays a crucial role in various disciplines, including economics, biology, and social sciences.