Mathematical concepts are fundamental ideas that form the basis of mathematics. They include numbers, shapes, and patterns, which help us understand and describe the world around us. For example, addition and subtraction are basic operations that allow us to combine or separate quantities, while geometry studies the properties of shapes and spaces. Another important area is algebra, which uses symbols and letters to represent numbers in equations. This allows for solving problems in a more abstract way. Additionally, concepts like probability help us assess the likelihood of events, making mathematics a powerful tool for decision-making and analysis.