Material properties refer to the characteristics that define how a material behaves under various conditions. These properties include aspects like strength, flexibility, conductivity, and density. Understanding these properties helps engineers and scientists select the right materials for specific applications, such as building structures or creating electronic devices. Different materials exhibit unique properties based on their composition and structure. For example, metals like steel are known for their strength and durability, while materials like rubber are valued for their flexibility and resilience. By studying these properties, researchers can innovate and improve products across various industries.