Matching markets are systems where participants are paired based on preferences and characteristics rather than prices. Common examples include job markets, where employers and job seekers find suitable matches, and school admissions, where students are matched with schools based on their preferences and available spots. These markets often use algorithms to facilitate the matching process, ensuring that the outcomes are efficient and fair. The Gale-Shapley algorithm is a well-known method used in these markets, helping to create stable matches where no participant would prefer to be with someone else over their current match.