Manual testing is a software testing process where testers execute test cases without the use of automation tools. Testers manually check the functionality, usability, and overall performance of the software to ensure it meets the specified requirements. This approach allows for human observation, which can catch issues that automated tests might miss. During manual testing, testers often follow a structured plan that includes test scenarios and expected outcomes. They document any defects or inconsistencies found during the testing process. This method is particularly useful for exploratory testing, where testers investigate the software's behavior in real-time, providing valuable feedback for developers and stakeholders.