Mali is a landlocked country located in West Africa. It is known for its rich history, particularly as a center of trade and culture during the Mali Empire, which flourished in the 13th to 16th centuries. The capital city, Bamako, is situated along the Niger River and serves as the country's political and economic hub. The country is characterized by diverse landscapes, including the vast Sahara Desert in the north and the fertile Niger River basin in the south. Mali is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as the ancient city of Timbuktu, which was an important center for learning and commerce.