Magnetostrictive materials are substances that change their shape or dimensions when exposed to a magnetic field. This property allows them to convert magnetic energy into mechanical energy, making them useful in various applications, such as sensors and actuators. Common magnetostrictive materials include terfenol-D and galfenol, which are often used in industrial and military technologies. These materials operate based on the interaction between magnetic domains within the material. When a magnetic field is applied, these domains align, causing the material to expand or contract. This unique behavior is utilized in devices like magnetostrictive sensors, which can measure position or pressure changes accurately.