Magnesium (Mg²⁺) is a chemical element and an essential mineral found in many foods. It plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including muscle contraction, nerve function, and energy production. Magnesium is commonly found in green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains. In the human body, magnesium helps maintain normal heart rhythm and supports bone health. It also acts as a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions, making it vital for metabolism. Deficiency in magnesium can lead to health issues such as muscle cramps, fatigue, and irregular heartbeats.