Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are large molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They consist of a lipid portion, known as lipid A, and a polysaccharide component. LPS plays a crucial role in the structural integrity of the bacterial cell wall and helps protect the bacteria from harmful substances. When released into the body, LPS can trigger strong immune responses. This can lead to inflammation and, in some cases, severe reactions such as septic shock. Understanding LPS is important for developing treatments for infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria and managing their effects on human health.