Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites from the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected sandflies. There are different forms of leishmaniasis, including cutaneous, which affects the skin, and visceral, which can impact internal organs. Symptoms can vary but often include sores, fever, and weight loss. The disease is most common in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting millions of people worldwide. Prevention focuses on avoiding sandfly bites, using insect repellent, and sleeping under mosquito nets. Treatment options are available, but early diagnosis is crucial for effective management of the disease.