A lead screw is a type of mechanical component used to convert rotational motion into linear motion. It consists of a threaded shaft and a nut that moves along the threads when the shaft is turned. Lead screws are commonly found in applications like 3D printers, CNC machines, and linear actuators. These screws are designed for precise movement and can handle heavy loads, making them ideal for various engineering tasks. The pitch of the threads determines how far the nut moves with each rotation, allowing for control over speed and accuracy in positioning.