Laser physics is the study of how lasers work, focusing on the principles of light amplification and emission. A laser, which stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, produces a concentrated beam of light through a process called stimulated emission. This involves exciting atoms or molecules to higher energy levels, allowing them to release energy in the form of coherent light. The key components of a laser include a gain medium, which provides the atoms that emit light, and an optical cavity, which reflects the light back and forth to amplify it. Lasers are used in various applications, including medicine, communications, and manufacturing, due to their precision and intensity.