Joint-stock commercial banks are financial institutions owned by shareholders who invest capital in the bank. These banks operate to make a profit by providing various services, such as accepting deposits, offering loans, and facilitating transactions. The shareholders benefit from the bank's profits through dividends and an increase in the value of their shares. These banks are typically larger and more diversified than other types of banks, allowing them to serve a wide range of customers, including individuals, businesses, and governments. They play a crucial role in the economy by providing credit and supporting economic growth through their financial services.