A job application is a formal request submitted by a candidate to an employer for a specific position. It typically includes a resume, which outlines the candidate's work experience, education, and skills, along with a cover letter that explains their interest in the job and why they are a good fit. The application process may also require additional documents, such as references or transcripts. Employers review these applications to select candidates for interviews, aiming to find the best match for the job and the company culture.