In many Indian philosophies, particularly in Hinduism, the term "jiva" refers to the individual soul or living entity. It is considered the essence of life that experiences birth, death, and rebirth, known as samsara. The jiva is distinct from the ultimate reality, or Brahman, and is believed to carry the accumulated karma from past lives, influencing its current and future experiences. The jiva is often described as eternal and unchanging, despite its physical form being temporary. It is the source of consciousness and individuality, allowing beings to experience emotions, thoughts, and desires. Understanding the nature of the jiva is essential for spiritual growth and liberation, or moksha, from the cycle of rebirth.