Ischemic heart disease (IHD) occurs when the blood supply to the heart is reduced, often due to narrowed or blocked arteries. This reduced blood flow can lead to chest pain, known as angina, and may result in a heart attack if the blood supply is severely restricted. The primary cause of IHD is the buildup of fatty deposits, or plaque, in the coronary arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle. Early detection and lifestyle changes can help manage and reduce the risk of IHD.