The intestinal mucosa is the innermost layer of the intestine, which plays a crucial role in digestion and absorption. It is composed of epithelial cells that line the intestinal tract, providing a barrier against harmful substances while allowing nutrients to pass through. This layer also contains specialized cells that produce mucus, aiding in the smooth passage of food. Additionally, the intestinal mucosa is rich in goblet cells and enterocytes, which help in the secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption of nutrients. The health of the mucosa is vital for overall digestive function, as it influences the body's ability to absorb vitamins and minerals effectively.