The internet backbone refers to the high-capacity network of data routes and connections that form the core of the internet. It consists of large, powerful routers and fiber-optic cables that transmit vast amounts of data across long distances. This infrastructure is maintained by various organizations and telecommunications companies, ensuring that data can travel quickly and efficiently between different regions. The backbone connects smaller networks, such as local internet service providers (ISPs) and regional networks, allowing users to access websites, send emails, and stream content. Without the backbone, the internet would not function effectively, as it provides the essential pathways for data communication across the globe.