The internal laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve, specifically the superior laryngeal nerve. It plays a crucial role in the sensory innervation of the larynx, particularly the area above the vocal cords. This nerve helps transmit sensations such as touch, pain, and temperature from the laryngeal mucosa to the brain. Additionally, the internal laryngeal nerve is involved in the reflex actions of coughing and swallowing. It provides important feedback to the body, helping to protect the airway during these activities. Damage to this nerve can lead to issues such as loss of sensation or difficulty in swallowing.