The `input()` function in Python is used to take user input from the console. When called, it pauses the program and waits for the user to type something. Once the user presses Enter, the function returns the input as a string, which can then be stored in a variable for further processing. You can also provide a prompt message inside the `input()` function to guide the user on what to enter. For example, `input("Enter your name: ")` will display the message and wait for the user to input their name. This makes it easier to interact with users in a program.