Independent election monitoring refers to the process where impartial observers assess the conduct of elections to ensure they are fair and transparent. These monitors can be from non-governmental organizations, international bodies, or local groups, and their role is to observe voting procedures, counting of ballots, and overall electoral integrity. The goal of independent election monitoring is to promote public confidence in the electoral process and to identify any irregularities or violations. By providing unbiased reports, these monitors help to hold governments accountable and ensure that the rights of voters are protected during elections.