Hypokalemia is a medical condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential mineral that helps regulate various bodily functions, including muscle contractions and nerve signals. Normal potassium levels typically range from 3.5 to 5.0 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). When levels fall below this range, it can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and irregular heart rhythms. The causes of hypokalemia can vary and may include excessive loss of potassium through urine, vomiting, or diarrhea. Certain medications, like diuretics, can also contribute to this condition. Treatment often involves dietary changes to increase potassium intake or supplements, depending on the severity of the deficiency.