Hyperoxaluria is a medical condition characterized by the excessive excretion of oxalate in the urine. This can lead to the formation of kidney stones, which are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that can cause pain and urinary issues. There are two main types: primary, which is often genetic, and secondary, which can result from dietary factors or other health conditions. The condition can be diagnosed through urine tests that measure oxalate levels. Treatment may involve dietary changes, increased fluid intake, or medications to reduce oxalate production. In severe cases, kidney function may be affected, necessitating further medical intervention.