Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles. This buildup can increase pressure inside the skull, potentially leading to brain damage and other complications. Hydrocephalus can occur at any age but is most common in infants and older adults. The condition can be caused by various factors, including genetic abnormalities, infections, or injuries. Treatment often involves the placement of a shunt, a flexible tube that helps drain excess fluid and relieve pressure. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of life.