The house sparrow, scientifically known as Passer domesticus, is a small bird commonly found in urban and rural areas worldwide. It has a stout body, short tail, and a distinctive chirping call. Males typically have a gray crown, black bib, and brown wings, while females are more uniformly brown and streaked. House sparrows are social birds that often gather in flocks. They primarily feed on seeds, grains, and insects, making them adaptable to various environments. Their close association with humans has led to their widespread distribution, and they are often seen around buildings, parks, and gardens.