Horse flies are large, biting insects belonging to the family Tabanidae. They are known for their painful bites, which they use to feed on the blood of mammals, including horses and cattle. Horse flies are typically found in warm, sunny areas near water sources, where they breed in moist environments. These flies have large, compound eyes and a robust body, often with distinctive patterns. They are most active during the day and are attracted to movement and dark colors. Horse flies play a role in the ecosystem as pollinators, but their bites can cause stress and discomfort to livestock and humans.