Heterodoxy refers to beliefs or opinions that deviate from established or orthodox doctrines, particularly in fields like religion, philosophy, or economics. It challenges mainstream ideas and encourages alternative perspectives, often leading to new insights and discussions. In the context of economics, heterodox approaches include theories that differ from traditional neoclassical economics. These may encompass Marxist, Keynesian, or feminist economics, each offering unique critiques and solutions to economic issues. Heterodoxy plays a crucial role in fostering intellectual diversity and innovation within various disciplines.