The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a virus that primarily affects the liver, causing inflammation and potentially leading to serious health issues. It spreads through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal secretions. Common ways of transmission include sharing needles, unprotected sex, and from mother to baby during childbirth. Many people with HBV may not show symptoms, but some can experience fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal pain. Vaccination is available and highly effective in preventing infection. Regular check-ups and monitoring are essential for those at risk, as chronic infection can lead to liver damage or even liver cancer.