Heavy rare earths are a group of elements found in the lanthanide series of the periodic table, specifically those with higher atomic numbers, such as dysprosium, holmium, and terbium. These elements are less abundant than light rare earths and are often more challenging to extract from ores. They play a crucial role in various high-tech applications, including electric vehicle batteries, wind turbines, and smartphones. Due to their unique properties, heavy rare earths are essential for producing strong permanent magnets and phosphors. The demand for these materials has increased significantly with the growth of green technologies and electronics. As a result, countries are exploring new sources and methods for sustainable extraction to meet this rising demand.