Heart valve issues occur when one or more of the four heart valves—aortic valve, mitral valve, pulmonary valve, and tricuspid valve—do not function properly. These valves control blood flow through the heart and to the rest of the body. Problems can include stenosis, where a valve narrows and restricts blood flow, or regurgitation, where a valve leaks and allows blood to flow backward. Symptoms of heart valve issues may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and irregular heartbeats. Diagnosis typically involves echocardiograms or other imaging tests. Treatment options can range from medication to surgical procedures, depending on the severity of the condition.