Harmful algal blooms (HABs) occur when certain types of algae grow rapidly in water, often due to excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. These blooms can produce toxins that are harmful to marine life, humans, and the environment. They can lead to fish kills, contaminate drinking water, and disrupt local economies that rely on fishing and tourism. HABs can be triggered by various factors, including pollution, climate change, and water temperature. Monitoring and managing nutrient levels in water bodies is essential to prevent these blooms. Public awareness and research are crucial for mitigating their impacts on ecosystems and human health.