Hardware malfunctions refer to issues that occur in physical components of a computer or electronic device. These problems can arise from various factors, such as wear and tear, manufacturing defects, or environmental conditions. Common examples include a failing hard drive, a malfunctioning graphics card, or a broken power supply. When hardware malfunctions happen, they can lead to system crashes, data loss, or reduced performance. Troubleshooting often involves diagnosing the faulty component, which may require tools or software. In some cases, replacing the defective hardware is necessary to restore the device's functionality.