Hammer toes are a common foot condition where one or more toes bend downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer. This deformity can affect any toe but usually occurs in the second, third, or fourth toes. It can result from wearing tight shoes, muscle imbalances, or certain medical conditions. Symptoms of hammer toes may include pain, discomfort, and difficulty walking. The affected toes may also develop corns or calluses due to friction against footwear. Treatment options range from changing shoes to physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity.