Group theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the algebraic structures known as groups. A group consists of a set of elements combined with an operation that satisfies four key properties: closure, associativity, identity, and invertibility. This framework allows mathematicians to analyze symmetry, transformations, and other structures in various fields. Group theory has applications in many areas, including physics, chemistry, and computer science. For example, it helps explain the symmetries of molecules in chemistry and the behavior of particles in physics. By understanding groups, researchers can solve complex problems and uncover deeper relationships within mathematical systems.