A ground fault relay is a safety device used in electrical systems to detect ground faults, which occur when electricity unintentionally flows to the ground. This can happen due to insulation failure or equipment damage, posing a risk of electric shock or fire. The relay monitors the current flowing through the system and can quickly disconnect power if it detects an imbalance, ensuring safety. These relays are commonly used in various applications, including industrial settings, commercial buildings, and residential installations. They are essential for protecting both people and equipment, helping to prevent accidents and maintain safe operating conditions in electrical systems.