Government bond sales are a way for a country to borrow money from investors. When a government needs funds for projects like building roads or schools, it issues bonds, which are essentially loans that investors buy. In return, the government promises to pay back the borrowed amount, known as the principal, along with interest over a specified period. These bonds are considered low-risk investments because they are backed by the government's ability to collect taxes and generate revenue. Investors, including individuals and institutions, purchase these bonds to earn interest, making them a popular choice for those seeking stable returns.