Germline gene therapy is a medical technique that involves altering the genes in the reproductive cells, such as sperm or eggs. This means that any changes made can be passed on to future generations. The goal is to correct genetic disorders or enhance certain traits, potentially preventing inherited diseases. This type of therapy is different from somatic gene therapy, which targets non-reproductive cells and affects only the individual receiving the treatment. While germline gene therapy holds promise for eradicating genetic conditions, it also raises ethical concerns about the long-term effects and implications of modifying human DNA.