Genetic assays are laboratory tests used to analyze genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, to understand genetic variations and their implications. These tests can identify mutations, gene expression levels, and other genetic characteristics that may influence health, disease, or traits. Common types of genetic assays include PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), which amplifies specific DNA sequences, and sequencing, which determines the exact order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. Genetic assays are essential tools in fields like genetics, molecular biology, and medicine, aiding in research, diagnostics, and personalized treatment plans.