Freshwater ecology is the study of ecosystems found in freshwater environments, such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. It focuses on the interactions between living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, and their physical and chemical surroundings. Understanding these relationships helps scientists assess the health of freshwater systems and the impact of human activities. Key components of freshwater ecology include aquatic plants, fish, invertebrates, and microbial communities. These organisms play vital roles in nutrient cycling, water purification, and providing habitat. Conservation efforts often target freshwater ecosystems to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable water resources for future generations.