Free space loss refers to the reduction in signal strength that occurs as electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, travel through empty space. This loss happens because the energy of the signal spreads out over a larger area as the distance from the source increases. The greater the distance, the weaker the signal becomes, making it harder for receivers to detect. This phenomenon is important in fields like telecommunications and satellite communication, where signals must travel long distances. Understanding free space loss helps engineers design more effective systems, ensuring that signals remain strong enough for reliable communication, even over vast distances.