A formal language is a set of strings made up of symbols from a specific alphabet, defined by precise rules. These languages are used in various fields, including computer science, linguistics, and mathematics, to create clear and unambiguous communication. Examples of formal languages include programming languages like Python and Java, which have strict syntax and grammar. In formal languages, the structure and meaning of expressions are defined by formal grammar. This grammar specifies how symbols can be combined to form valid statements. Formal languages are essential for designing algorithms, creating compilers, and developing automata theory, which studies abstract machines and their capabilities.