Foam systems are specialized tools used to create a blanket of foam, often for firefighting or insulation purposes. They work by mixing air, water, and a foaming agent, which produces a lightweight, stable foam that can smother fires or provide thermal insulation. In firefighting, foam systems are particularly effective for suppressing flammable liquid fires, as the foam forms a barrier that prevents oxygen from reaching the flames. Common types of foam used include Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) and Protein Foam, each designed for specific applications and fire types.