Flue gases are the byproducts produced when fuels, such as coal, natural gas, or oil, are burned in a furnace or boiler. These gases typically contain a mixture of carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen, oxygen, and various pollutants, including sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. Proper management of flue gases is essential to minimize their environmental impact. To control flue gases, industries often use technologies like scrubbers and filters to reduce harmful emissions before they are released into the atmosphere. Monitoring flue gas composition is also important for ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and improving energy efficiency in systems like power plants and industrial boilers.