Flight planning is the process of preparing for a flight by determining the best route, altitude, and fuel requirements. Pilots consider factors such as weather conditions, air traffic, and the aircraft's performance to ensure a safe and efficient journey. This planning helps in estimating the time of arrival and identifying potential hazards along the route. During flight planning, pilots also file a flight plan with the relevant authorities, such as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States. This document includes important information about the flight, including departure and arrival airports, waypoints, and emergency procedures, ensuring that air traffic control can monitor the flight effectively.